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arXiv:0704.1123 · Physical Review E

Conjugate field and fluctuation-dissipation relation for the dynamic phase transition in the two-dimensional kinetic Ising model

Daniel T. Robb, Per Arne Rikvold, Andreas Berger, M. A. Novotny

Published Aug 30, 2007• 59 citations

Abstract

The two-dimensional kinetic Ising model, when exposed to an oscillating applied magnetic field, has been shown to exhibit a nonequilibrium, second-order dynamic phase transition (DPT), whose order parameter Q is the period-averaged magnetization. It has been established that this DPT falls in the same universality class as the equilibrium phase transition in the two-dimensional Ising model in zero applied field. Here we study the scaling of the dynamic order parameter with respect to a nonzero, period-averaged, magnetic "bias" field, H(b) for a DPT produced by a square-wave applied field. We find evidence that the scaling exponent, delta(d), of H(b) at the critical period of the DPT is equal to the exponent for the critical isotherm, delta(e), in the equilibrium Ising model. This implies that H(b) is a significant component of the field conjugate to Q. A finite-size scaling analysis of the dynamic order parameter above the critical period provides further support for this result. We also demonstrate numerically that, for a range of periods and values of H(b) in the critical region, a fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR), with an effective temperature T(eff)(T,P,H0) depending on the period, and possibly the temperature and field amplitude, holds for the variables Q and H(b). This FDR justifies the use of the scaled variance of Q as a proxy for the nonequilibrium susceptibility, partial differential Q/partial differential H(b), in the critical region.

DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.021124

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The two-dimensional kinetic Ising model, when exposed to an oscillating applied magnetic field, has been shown to exhibit a nonequilibrium, second-order dynamic phase transition (DPT), whose order parameter Q is the period-averaged magnetization. It has been established that this DPT falls in the same universality class as the equilibrium phase transition in the two-dimensional Ising model in zero applied field. Here we study the scaling of the dynamic order parameter with respect to a nonzero, period-averaged, magnetic "bias" field, H(b) for a DPT produced by a square-wave applied field. We find evidence that the scaling exponent, delta(d), of H(b) at the critical period of the DPT is equal to the exponent for the critical isotherm, delta(e), in the equilibrium Ising model. This implies that H(b) is a significant component of the field conjugate to Q. A finite-size scaling analysis of the dynamic order parameter above the critical period provides further support for this result. We also demonstrate numerically that, for a range of periods and values of H(b) in the critical region, a fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR), with an effective temperature T(eff)(T,P,H0) depending on the period, and possibly the temperature and field amplitude, holds for the variables Q and H(b). This FDR justifies the use of the scaled variance of Q as a proxy for the nonequilibrium susceptibility, partial differential Q/partial differential H(b), in the critical region.

Using Monte Carlo simulations based on the Metropolis algorithm, we investigate the dynamic phase transition properties of kinetic Ising model driven by a sinusoidally oscillating magnetic field in the presence of additive white noise. We calculate equilibrium and dynamic properties such as the temperature dependence of average magnetization and magnetic specific heat, as well as the period dependence of dynamic order parameter and scaled variance. After determining the critical period at which order-disorder transition takes place, we perform finite size scaling analysis to extract the exponent ratios, and discuss the variation of these properties in the presence of noisy magnetic field. As a general result, we show that for a noisy system, DPT does not fall into a universality class of the conventional dynamic (and also equilibrium) universality class of the Ising model.

We study hysteresis for a two-dimensional spin-

1/2

nearest-neighbor kinetic Ising ferromagnet in an oscillating field using Monte Carlo simulations. The period-averaged magnetization is the order parameter for a proposed dynamic phase transition (DPT). To quantify the nature of this transition, we present the first finite-size scaling study of the DPT for this model. Evidence of a diverging correlation length is given, and we provide estimates of the transition frequency and the critical indices $\ensuremath{\beta}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and $\ensuremath{\nu}$.

The purpose of this work is to identify the universality class of the nonequilibrium phase transition in the two-dimensional kinetic Ising ferromagnet driven by propagating magnetic field wave. To address this issue, the finite size analysis of the nonequilibrium phase transition, in two-dimensional Ising ferromagnet driven by plane propagating magnetic wave, is studied by Monte Carlo simulation. It is observed that the system undergoes a nonequilibrium dynamic phase transition from a high temperature dynamically symmetric (propagating) phase to a low temperature dynamically symmetry-broken (pinned) phase as the system is cooled below the transition temperature. This transition temperature is determined precisely by studying the fourth-order Binder Cumulant of the dynamic order parameter as a function of temperature for different system sizes (L). From the finite size analysis of dynamic order parameter and the dynamic susceptibility , we have estimated the critical exponents and (measured from the data read at the critical temperature obtained from Binder cumulant), and (measured from the peak positions of dynamic susceptibility). Our results indicate that such driven Ising ferromagnet belongs to the same universality class of the two-dimensional equilibrium Ising ferromagnet (where and ), within the limits of statistical errors.

The nonequilibrium dynamic phase transition, in the kinetic Ising model in presence of an oscillating magnetic field, has been studied by Monte Carlo simulation. The fluctuation of dynamic order parameter has been studied as a function of temperature near the dynamic transition point. The temperature variation of appropriately defined `susceptibility' has also been studied near the dynamic transition point. Similarly, fluctuation of energy and appropriately defined `specific-heat' have been studied as a function of temperature near the dynamic transition point. In both the cases, the fluctuations (of dynamic order parameter and energy) and the corresponding responses diverge (as power law fashion) near the dynamic transition point with similar critical behavior (with identical exponent values).

We study the equilibrium and dynamic phase transition properties of two-dimensional Ising model on a decorated triangular lattice under the influence of a time-dependent magnetic field composed of a periodic square wave part plus a time independent bias term. Using Monte Carlo simulations with standard Metropolis algorithm, we determine the equilibrium critical behavior in zero field. At a fixed temperature corresponding to the multidroplet regime, we locate the relaxation time and the dynamic critical half-period at which a dynamic phase transition takes place between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states. Benefiting from finite-size scaling theory, we estimate the dynamic critical exponent ratios for the dynamic order parameter and its scaled variance, respectively. The response function of the average energy is found to follow a logarithmic scaling as a function of lattice size. At the critical half-period and in the vicinity of small bias field regime, average of the dynamic order parameter obeys a scaling relation with a dynamic scaling exponent which is very close to the equilibrium critical isotherm value. Finally, in the slow critical dynamics regime, investigation of metamagnetic fluctuations in the presence of bias field revels a symmetric double-peak behavior for the scaled variance contours of dynamic order parameter and average energy. Our results strongly resemble those previously reported for kinetic Ising models.